CCTV CAMERAS: TYPES AND FEATURES
OUTDOOR CAMERAS
Outdoor CCTV cameras are designed to withstand challenging environmental conditions. They must have the following features:
- Weatherproofing: Protection against dust and moisture.
- Temperature Adaptation: Built-in heating for freezing temperatures and cooling systems to prevent overheating.
- Anti-Vandal Design: Durable casing to resist physical damage caused by weather or vandalism.
When installing outdoor cameras, it’s essential to consider factors such as weather, potential mechanical damage, or even intentional acts of vandalism. For added security, opt for vandal-resistant models. Keep in mind that IP cameras, while offering excellent quality, may require additional equipment and investment for outdoor setups, especially for long-distance cable connections.
INDOOR CAMERAS
Indoor cameras are widely used and come in a variety of designs and specifications. One of the most popular options is dome cameras, which are:
- Versatile: Easily installed on different surfaces, including drop ceilings.
- Aesthetic: Conceal wiring for a clean, minimalistic look.
Other types of indoor cameras include:
- Bullet Cameras: Known for their sleek, cylindrical design.
- Cube Cameras: Compact and stylish for smaller spaces.
- Miniature Cameras: Ideal for discreet surveillance, often used for hidden or inconspicuous setups.
Indoor cameras are chosen based on the environment, such as homes, offices, or commercial spaces. Their specifications are tailored to meet the unique needs of each setting.
CCTV CAMERA FEATURES
When choosing a CCTV camera, the most critical feature to consider is the lens focal length, which determines the field of view and image detail. Other key features include:
Sensitivity
- Measured in lux (lx), this defines the minimum light level at which a camera can operate.
- Cameras with better sensitivity perform well in low-light conditions.
Resolution
- Defines the clarity and detail of the image. Higher resolution cameras capture sharper and more detailed footage.
Automatic Gain Control (AGC)
- Adjusts the camera’s signal strength to maintain image quality in low-light conditions.
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (S/N)
- Measured in decibels (dB), it indicates image quality. A ratio above 45 dB is considered good, while 40 dB is the minimum acceptable standard.
Automatic Iris Control (AUTO-IRIS)
- Adjusts the camera’s aperture to regulate the amount of light entering, crucial for outdoor cameras exposed to varying light conditions.
Electronic Shutter Control (ESC)
- Determines how long the camera sensor collects light. Useful for adapting to different lighting conditions.
Backlight Compensation (BLC)
- Ensures clear images even when there’s a bright light source behind the subject.
Automatic White Balance (AWB)
- Adjusts color settings to deliver natural-looking footage in varying lighting conditions.
Power Options
Cameras can operate on either AC (220V) or DC (12V or 24V) power. Always ensure the camera and its accessories are compatible with the power supply.
Compatibility with Lenses
If purchasing a separate camera and lens, verify that the mounting systems are compatible.
Image Sensors
While the sensor type can impact image quality, the rapid pace of technological advancements means this factor is less critical for general use. Most modern sensors perform well for everyday surveillance needs.